Cognitive psychologist, University College London

Lisanne Bainbridge

Bainbridge described how automation leaves people with the hardest parts of a job while taking away the practice they need to do them well.

Essential reading: “Ironies of Automation” (Automatica, 1983)
Models in this guide: 1

No. 050Risk & Resilience
Ironies of Automation
Automating the routine work leaves people with the hardest tasks, monitoring they do poorly, and fading skills, just when a failure needs them most.